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本文对三门峡水库决策和上海杨浦大桥收费决策两个案例进行了分析，借鉴利益相关者理论构建了重大决策相关利益群体图。本文认为重大决策的社会风险评估应通过对决策过程中的重要利益相关者行为进行分析来识别。通过研究发现，在决策问题的识别阶段，决策制定者和媒体容易导致决策的社会风险；拟定决策方案阶段，决策制定者和企业投资者容易导致决策社会风险；决策方案选择阶段，各利益主体的博弈容易导致决策的社会风险。
关键词：重大决策；社会风险；识别；方案
Analysis on major policy and its social risk evaluation
Abstract:
Taking Sanmenxia Reservoir Event and Shanghai Yangpu Bridge Toll Event as examples, this paper selected Stakeholder Theory as the analysis framework and analyzed major policy decisions and its social risks and finally, this paper gives the diagram of stakeholder in major policy decision making. This paper argues that major policy decisions and its social risk should be analyzed and realized according to Stakeholders’ behavior. After the discussion, this paper gains the conclusions: during the process of risk identification, policy makers and the media are easy to lead to decisions’ social risk; during the policy making process, policy makers and the investors are easy to lead to risks; during the policy selection process, the stakeholders’ gaming is easy to lead to social risks.
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